Invited Lecture 3.4

Abstract

Recent advances in laser technology have broadened the applicability of laser therapy across various medical disciplines, including pain reduction, inflammation, and tissue repair acceleration. Additionally, lasers find extensive utility in ophthalmology, lithotripsy, cancer treatment, and dermatologic procedures. Central to laser therapy is the utilization of low-intensity laser devices to stimulate and enhance various biological processes in cells and tissues, resulting in therapeutic benefit. The effectiveness of laser therapy relies on selecting appropriate parameters such as wavelength, power density, timing, and pulse structure of the laser used. The main challenges of laser therapy relate to hormesis of laser therapy which describe a biphasic dose response emphasizing on the optimal threshold for stimulating cells. Below this threshold, no visible effects are observed, while beyond it, inhibition is evident after a certain point. Hence, dosimetry optimization to determine the ideal dosage of light for specific conditions remains intricate, with extensive attention to safety in application. This involves a comprehensive understanding of the physics interaction of photons and biological tissue, as well as the dynamic nature of biological responses to laser irradiation. Additionally, the variability in patient characteristics, such as skin type, pigmentation, and underlying health conditions, further complicates the dosimetry optimization process. The potential role of medical physicists in addressing these challenges is crucial. With their expertise in physics, dosimetry, and medical imaging, medical physicists are uniquely positioned to contribute to the optimization of laser therapy. Integration of advanced imaging modalities and computational modelling techniques holds promise for improving treatment planning and personalized dosimetry in laser therapy. Moreover, continuous advancements in laser technology, including the development of novel laser systems and delivery methods, offer opportunities to overcome existing challenges and enhance the efficacy and safety of laser therapy in clinical practice.